Angular Cheilitis, also known as “perlèche,” is a common but often overlooked condition that affects the corners of the mouth, leading to discomfort and visible irritation. This condition can impact individuals of all ages, causing cracks, sores, or inflammation at the corners of the lips. Although angular cheilitis is not typically severe, it can be distressing and impact daily activities such as speaking, eating, and smiling. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for angular cheilitis can help individuals manage and prevent this condition effectively.

What is Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis refers to inflammation or lesions that form at the corners of the mouth. These lesions can range from mild cracks to severe, painful sores. In many cases, the affected areas are red, swollen, and sometimes bleed, leading to significant discomfort. While the condition is localized to the corners of the mouth, it can also cause other symptoms, such as dryness, itching, and burning sensations.

Common Causes of Angular Cheilitis

Several factors can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis. Understanding these causes is essential for preventing and managing the condition:

1. Fungal Infections (Candida): One of the most common causes of angular cheilitis is an overgrowth of the Candida fungus. This yeast naturally exists on the skin and mucous membranes but can proliferate under certain conditions, such as moisture buildup in the corners of the mouth. This is especially common in people who have dentures, wear braces, or frequently lick their lips.
2. Bacterial Infections (Staphylococcus or Streptococcus): Bacteria can also contribute to angular cheilitis. Often, bacteria enter the cracks in the skin, causing further irritation and infection. This is particularly common in individuals with weakened immune systems.
3. Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in key nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, and folate are linked to angular cheilitis. These vitamins and minerals play crucial roles in maintaining healthy skin and immune function. A lack of them can make the skin more prone to irritation and infection.
4. Dry or Cold Weather: Environmental factors such as cold or dry weather can exacerbate the development of angular cheilitis. These conditions dry out the skin and cause cracks, especially in individuals who are more susceptible.
5. Poor Oral Hygiene and Habits: Certain habits, such as frequently licking the lips or having poor oral hygiene, can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis. Saliva from licking can create a moist environment that promotes fungal growth, while plaque buildup around the mouth can introduce harmful bacteria.
6. Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and other immunocompromised states can increase the likelihood of developing angular cheilitis. These diseases weaken the immune system, making the body less capable of fighting off infections that cause the condition.

Symptoms of Angular Cheilitis

The most noticeable symptom of angular cheilitis is the appearance of painful cracks or sores at the corners of the mouth. These cracks may appear as small fissures, and in more severe cases, they can develop into ulcers. Other common symptoms include:

• Redness and swelling around the corners of the mouth
• Burning, itching, or stinging sensations
• Dryness or peeling of the skin around the mouth
• Bleeding or oozing from the cracks in the mouth

If left untreated, angular cheilitis can worsen, leading to further discomfort and complications.

Treatment Options for Angular Cheilitis

Fortunately, angular cheilitis is treatable, and a range of treatments are available depending on the underlying cause of the condition.

1. Antifungal Creams: If the condition is caused by a fungal infection (Candida), antifungal creams or ointments can be applied to the affected area to eliminate the infection. Over-the-counter options such as clotrimazole or miconazole may be effective in treating mild cases.
2. Antibiotic Creams: For bacterial infections, topical antibiotics such as mupirocin can help clear the infection and reduce inflammation.
3. Steroid Creams: In some cases, a doctor may prescribe a mild corticosteroid cream to reduce inflammation and promote healing of the skin. However, this treatment is typically used with caution, as long-term use of steroids can thin the skin.
4. Improving Oral Hygiene: Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential in preventing and treating angular cheilitis. Regularly brushing the teeth, using mouthwash, and cleaning dentures or braces can help reduce the risk of infection.
5. Nutritional Supplements: If a nutritional deficiency is identified as the cause of angular cheilitis, supplements of iron, vitamin B12, or folate may be recommended to restore healthy skin and boost the immune system.
6. Moisturizing: Keeping the corners of the mouth moisturized can prevent dryness and cracking. Applying a lip balm or petroleum jelly can help to lock in moisture and protect the skin from further irritation.

Preventing Angular Cheilitis

While angular cheilitis can be treated, preventing it is equally important. Here are some key strategies to reduce the risk of developing this condition:

• Stay hydrated and apply lip balm regularly to prevent dryness.
• Avoid excessive licking of the lips.
• Maintain a balanced diet with adequate levels of vitamins and minerals.
• Practice good oral hygiene by brushing your teeth regularly and cleaning dentures.
• Protect your skin from extreme temperatures by wearing scarves or lip protection during cold or windy weather.

Conclusion

Angular cheilitis is a condition that can cause discomfort and affect daily activities, but it is manageable with proper care and attention. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, individuals can prevent and effectively address this condition. If you notice persistent symptoms or worsening of the condition, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. With timely intervention, most cases of angular cheilitis can be resolved, and individuals can return to their daily routines without discomfort.